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Austria based and European regulated crypto & securities broker platform
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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | Astar |
Consensus Mechanism | Astar uses a hybrid consensus mechanism that combines Proof of Stake (PoS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), with the added feature of Sharded Multichain capabilities. The primary goal is to provide a scalable, interoperable, and decentralized platform for building decentralized applications (dApps), which can run on multiple blockchains in parallel. Key Features of Astar's Consensus Mechanism: 1. Proof of Stake (PoS): In Astar, validators participate by staking ASTR tokens, the native currency of the network. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of being selected as a validator. Validators are responsible for validating transactions and securing the network. Validators receive block rewards for their efforts, which are paid in ASTR tokens. 2. Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Astar incorporates DPoS to allow ASTR token holders to vote for validators. Token holders delegate their voting power to trusted validators, who then produce blocks and validate transactions. This ensures greater decentralization by allowing the community to have a direct say in who validates the network. Delegators receive a share of the block rewards earned by their selected validators. 3. Sharded Multichain: Astar’s consensus mechanism allows for multichain execution via Parachains in the Polkadot ecosystem, enabling Astar to process multiple parallel chains and increase scalability. This sharding mechanism ensures that Astar can scale effectively, maintaining high throughput while decentralizing the network. 4. Finality: Astar leverages Polkadot's GRANDPA (GHOST-based Recursive Ancestor Deriving Prefix Agreement) finality gadget for fast and deterministic finality. Once a block is finalized, it is irreversible, ensuring the integrity and security of transactions. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | Astar incentivizes network participation through block rewards, transaction fees, and staking rewards while encouraging governance via delegated voting. Incentive Mechanism: 1. Staking Rewards: Validators earn ASTR tokens for validating transactions and securing the network. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of validating blocks. 2. Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): ASTR token holders can delegate their tokens to validators, sharing in the rewards based on the performance of their chosen validators. 3. Cross-Chain dApp Rewards: Developers deploying dApps on Astar earn rewards for using the network’s multichain capabilities. 4. Governance Participation: ASTR token holders participate in on-chain governance to vote on proposals and protocol changes. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Users pay fees in ASTR tokens for transactions. These are collected by validators who process the transactions. 2. dApp Execution Fees: Developers pay for smart contract execution based on resource demands. 3. Cross-Chain Fees: Additional fees apply for asset transfers and interactions between different blockchain networks. 4. Parachain Slot Fees: Astar incurs fees for its parachain slot on the Polkadot network to ensure interoperability. |
Beginning of the period | 2024-09-13 |
End of the period | 2025-09-13 |
Energy consumption | 13140.00000 (kWh/a) |