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10/14/2025

11 min read

What is a token? A simple guide

Token Definition Funktionsweise

Imagine you own digital artworks, gain access to exclusive platform features or have voting rights in decentralised organisations. All of that is enabled by a token, but what is a token explained simply? These digital assets are far more than just alternative currencies. They’re key to innovative transactions and interactions in the world of cryptocurrencies. In this article, you'll find an explanation of what a token is, what it means in the crypto world and how a token works.

  • A token is a digital asset based on a blockchain that can take on various functions within a crypto project.

  • Tokens act as carriers of value and information and enable transactions on the blockchain in a secure manner.

  • There are several types of tokens, including utility tokens, security tokens, governance tokens, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and payment or currency tokens, each with specific functions and characteristics.

  • Coins primarily serve as “digital money”, while tokens are often used more diversely and aren’t always designed as standalone currencies.

  • Tokens play a central role in many innovative applications such as digital identification, access controls and proof of ownership and are increasingly shaping the development of the digital economy and technology..

Definition: What is a token (simply explained)?

Simply put, a token is a digital unit that represents a certain value, access or right – for example, a ticket, a login code or a digital collectible, such as a limited edition item in an app or an NFT with fan relevance. They're based on blockchain and represent ownership, usage rights or access to digital services in a tamper-proof and transparent way.

Each token can be equipped with unique information, allowing it to represent specific assets or rights. This makes it possible to map and trade physical objects like real estate and art, or intangible assets like licences and patents, in the digital world.

In the crypto world, tokens are therefore not just a means of transferring value. They’re a flexible tool that enables the management of ownership, access to digital services and participation in networks.

Did you know? Literally translated, the term “token” in German means “sign” or “mark”. In the context of cryptocurrencies and blockchain, the term “token” is usually used in its original English form as a technical term to describe digital assets on a blockchain.

How does a token work?

Simply explained, tokens are digital assets that usually exist on a blockchain. They represent ownership or access rights and can take on a wide variety of forms and functions depending on their structure and the underlying technology.

Blockchain technology creates an environment in which tokens can be managed across a distributed network, eliminating the need for central points of control. The integrity and ownership of a token is secured collectively by all participants in the network, and token transactions are recorded in immutable sequences on the blockchain.

Smart contracts automate the token economy by executing conditional operations, such as releasing tokens once certain milestones are reached or making payments when services are rendered. They therfore serve as digital, trusted intermediaries, reducing the need for traditional trusted third parties.

In addition to smart contracts, which enable tokens on platforms like Ethereum, there are also native tokens that are directly integrated into blockchain protocols. These tokens don’t require additional smart contracts, as their functionality is already embedded in the core of the blockchain technology itself. Examples include the native coins of blockchains like Bitcoin or Litecoin, which aren’t defined by smart contracts but by the blockchain protocol itself.

Regardless of how tokens are created or managed – whether through smart contracts or built-in protocols – the principles of decentralisation and cryptography ensure a high level of security and transparency in token usage. This opens up a wide range of opportunities, such as in the field of decentralised finance (DeFi).

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Types of tokens

There are a variety of token types with specific characteristics and purposes. Utility tokens grant access to services or features of a platform. Security tokens represent investments and can convey ownership rights, while non-fungible tokens (NFTs) represent uniqueness and secure ownership of digital as well as physical items. Payment tokens serve as a means of exchange and store value. What types of tokens are there and what’s special about the different types? Our overview shows you.

Utility tokens

Utility tokens provide users with access to services or functions of a specific blockchain platform. They form a central component of many blockchain ecosystems and are often used to pay transaction fees or as proof of entitlement to use system resources or applications.

DeFi tokens

DeFi tokens are at the heart of the emerging decentralised finance (DeFi) sector. They usually represent voting rights or shares within DeFi projects and are used for staking, participating in governance processes or as collateral on P2P lending platforms.

Governance tokens

Governance tokens are a type of crypto asset that grant holders voting rights and influence in the decision-making processes of a blockchain-based organisation. These tokens serve as a tool to decentralise decision-making and promote user participation.

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs)

Non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, are unique tokens that are not interchangeable. They usually represent digital artworks, collectibles or other one-of-a-kind items. Their uniqueness and proof of authenticity make them an important tool for the tokenisation of assets and the protection of intellectual property.

Equity tokens

Equity tokens represent digital assets that signify ownership in a company. Similar to traditional shares, they grant their holders rights such as voting rights in company decisions and potential profit-sharing. Equity tokens use blockchain technology to simplify ownership and trading of company shares. They allow companies to raise capital by tokenising shares in their business and selling them to investors. This type of token is often subject to strict regulatory requirements, especially when classified as securities, and may require approval from regulatory authorities.

Asset tokens

Asset tokens are a form of digital assets that map real, tangible values such as real estate, art or precious metals on the blockchain. What do these tokens mean for investors? They allow you to acquire fractions of assets, thus democratising the concept of ownership. For example, you can purchase a tokenised gold certificate at a lower price.

Security tokens

Security tokens are digital crypto assets that represent ownership of shares in an asset or a company. Unlike utility tokens, which often act as access rights to specific services or platforms, security tokens grant ownership rights and may offer dividends, voting rights and other benefits – similar to traditional securities.

They can represent various assets, including shares, bonds, investment funds and real estate. The issuance of security tokens is often subject to regulatory requirements, particularly when they are considered digital financial instruments like securities. This may involve different legal frameworks depending on the jurisdiction and the type of asset offered.

Payment or currency tokens

Payment or currency tokens serve as a digital medium of exchange and are designed to replace or supplement traditional currencies in blockchain projects. They’re often used to purchase goods and services both within and outside the crypto ecosystem.

How can you buy tokens?

Want to buy tokens? Getting started in the crypto world is easier than many think:

  1. Step – Choosing a provider: Get an overview of reputable crypto brokers or exchanges and compare which tokens are available for purchase from each provider. There are also specialised platforms and DApps that allow the direct purchase of specific types of tokens such as NFTs. Fees (e.g. for transactions), customer support, simple verification and the security of the application should also play a role.

  2. Step – Opening an account: The provider is backed by a reputable company? Then sign up and verify your identity through the verification process. In most cases, you'll need to enter your data manually and provide an ID card or passport. Some providers may also require proof of residence.

  3. Step – Depositing funds: Before you can acquire token currency or make transactions, you need to deposit funds. This can be done using various fiat currencies. Credit card, PayPal or SEPA transfer? That depends on the options the provider offers.

  4. Step – Buying tokens: Choose a token and a purchase, trade or order option. Depending on the platform, you may have access to direct purchase, swap or limit order options.

  5. Step – Storage: After purchase, your tokens are automatically stored in the wallet. You can also transfer them to external wallets. Always store your access data and recovery codes securely, as only those who hold the keys truly control their crypto assets.

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Use cases and prospects: What is the significance of tokens?

Tokens have a transformative significance for the digital economic system, as they redefine how we think about ownership, value transfer and investment. The technology enables us to digitise ownership rights, allowing secure and efficient value transfers across borders without the need for intermediaries.

In the world of cryptocurrencies, tokens form a bridge between the traditional financial system and the emerging digital economy. They not only offer new investment opportunities, but also form the basis for innovative applications in areas like the Internet of Things (IoT) or supply chain management. Some examples? Tokenised real estate shares drastically lower the entry barrier for private investors. Companies, on the other hand, can use token-based technology to make supply chains transparent or reduce risk by issuing security tokens.

The introduction of tokens has also led to the emergence of new communities and economic models, such as decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs), which are based on the collective ownership and management of tokens. Tokens are therefore not just a technological construct, but also a social and economic phenomenon, enabling new forms of collaboration and value exchange.

Cryptocurrencies, tokens, coins – the differences

Tokens and coins are both types of digital crypto assets that exist on a blockchain, but with one essential difference: Coins have their own blockchain and primarily function as digital currency and a medium of exchange. Tokens, by definition, are built on existing blockchains and often represent specific assets or usage rights within a project – often with additional functions and use cases.

So, Bitcoins are not tokens but coins. Coins are native digital currencies that operate directly on their own blockchain – like Bitcoin or Litecoin – and mainly serve as a means of payment. In contrast, the term token refers to digital assets that are created and used on an existing blockchain to represent a wide range of assets and rights, fundamentally distinguishing them from coins.

In fact, the term cryptocurrency often causes confusion. While all coins are considered cryptocurrencies because they are designed as a means of payment, tokens are not always intended to function as currency, even though they can be used as such. Therefore, not all cryptocurrencies are necessarily coins. A coin specifically refers to digital money based on its own blockchain, while the term cryptocurrency includes both coins and tokens based on blockchain technology.

How long are tokens valid?

There is no universal explanation for the validity period of tokens. After all, the validity of a token depends on the type of token you’re dealing with and its intended purpose. Some tokenised financial instruments, such as digital securities or security tokens, are subject to fixed terms. What does that mean for these tokens? Their validity ends upon reaching a specific date, redemption or fulfilment of contractually defined conditions.

It's a different story with utility tokens or NFTs, for example. These often remain valid indefinitely – as long as the blockchain and the project continue to exist. However, keep in mind that this doesn’t guarantee lasting value. Even though they’re considered crypto assets, tokens lose their function and value if the project is discontinued, active development stops or the community loses interest.

Conclusion: Token – one term, many use cases

The universe of tokens is a reflection of the innovative power of blockchain technology, which has grown far beyond the original idea of digital currencies. Tokens have established themselves as versatile digital tools that can be used for a wide range of applications – from representing a piece of art as an NFT, to reflecting shares in a company via security tokens, to enabling decentralised governance through governance tokens.

The significance of tokens extends to almost every aspect of the digital world and is revolutionising traditional concepts of ownership, investment and participation. They allow us to transfer, share and store value in new forms. With every new application built on blockchain technology, the potential of tokens expands, securing their central role in the future of the digital economy.

The world of tokens is multi-layered and full of opportunities. It opens doors for investors, businesses, artists and tech enthusiasts, creating space for discovery and innovation. In this dynamic space, informed knowledge is valuable, as it helps unlock the full potential of digital progress and take an active role in shaping it.

Frequently asked questions about tokens

Here we answer the most frequently asked questions about tokens and their importance to the crypto world.

How can you buy tokens?

Tokens can be purchased via various crypto brokers or exchanges. After registering and verifying your identity on the respective platform, you can deposit fiat money and use it to buy tokens. There are also specialised platforms and DApps that enable the direct purchase of specific token types, such as NFTs.

Are Bitcoins tokens?

Bitcoins are not tokens, but coins. As the first and most well-known cryptocurrency, Bitcoin has its own blockchain on which transactions are recorded directly. In contrast, tokens are digital units built on top of an existing blockchain and offer a wide range of additional functions and use cases.

More topics related to cryptocurrency

If you’re interested in the world of cryptocurrencies, our in-depth articles provide exactly the right information to deepen your knowledge. They’ll take you further into the fascinating world of crypto coins and tokens.

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