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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | TFUEL |
Consensus Mechanism | Theta Network combines a Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus mechanism with Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high security and throughput. Core Components: Hybrid BFT and PoS Model The modified BFT mechanism allows for fast transaction processing, while PoS secures the network by requiring participants to stake THETA tokens. Two-Layer Node Structure Enterprise Validator Nodes: Run by large enterprises and strategic partners, such as Google, Samsung, and Sony, Validator Nodes propose and validate new blocks. These nodes are required to stake a substantial amount of THETA to maintain network integrity. Guardian Nodes: Community-operated nodes that finalize blocks created by Validator Nodes. Guardian Nodes add a layer of security by preventing a single entity from controlling the network, supporting decentralization and consensus stability. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | Theta Network operates a dual-token economy with THETA and TFUEL to support network security, resource sharing, and transactions. Incentive Mechanisms: Staking Rewards THETA Staking: Users can stake THETA by operating Validator or Guardian Nodes, earning TFUEL as staking rewards. This model incentivizes users to contribute to network security and efficiency. Rewards for Resource Sharing Users who share their bandwidth and computing resources by relaying video streams are rewarded with TFUEL. This aligns with Theta’s vision of a decentralized content delivery network (CDN), encouraging broader participation in supporting video streaming and data delivery. Applicable Fees: TFUEL as the Operational Token Transaction Fees: TFUEL is used to pay for transaction fees on the Theta Network, covering smart contract executions and other network interactions. dApp Operations: TFUEL powers data delivery, video streaming, and payments within the Theta ecosystem, supporting operational needs for dApps on the network. Dual-Token Utility THETA serves as the governance token, enabling staking and securing the network through Validator and Guardian Nodes. TFUEL acts as the utility token, driving transaction fees and data delivery services essential to the network’s decentralized video streaming model. |
Beginning of the period | 2025-05-05 |
End of the period | 2026-05-05 |
Energy consumption | 597081.60000 (kWh/a) |
Energy consumption resources and methodologies | The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) theta is calculated first. For the energy consumption of the token, a fraction of the energy consumption of the network is attributed to the token, which is determined based on the activity of the crypto-asset within the network. When calculating the energy consumption, the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) is used - if available - to determine all implementations of the asset in scope. The mappings are updated regularly, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts. |
Renewable energy consumption | 37.912410119 (%) |
Energy intensity | 0.00023 (kWh) |
Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions - Controlled | 0.00000 (tCO2e/a) |
Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - Purchased | 201.07137 (tCO2e/a) |
GHG intensity | 0.00008 (kgCO2e) |
Key energy sources and methodologies | To determine the proportion of renewable energy usage, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from Our World in Data, see citation. The intensity is calculated as the marginal energy cost wrt. one more transaction. Ember (2025); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2024) - with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of electricity generated by renewables - Ember and Energy Institute” [dataset]. Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data Europe”; Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data”; Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy” [original data]. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-renewables. |
Key GHG sources and methodologies | To determine the GHG Emissions, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from Our World in Data, see citation. The intensity is calculated as the marginal emission wrt. one more transaction. Ember (2025); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2024) - with major processing by Our World in Data. “Carbon intensity of electricity generation - Ember and Energy Institute” [dataset]. Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data Europe”; Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data”; Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy” [original data]. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-intensity-electricity Licenced under CC BY 4.0. |