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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | Terra Classic |
Consensus Mechanism | Terra blockchain operates on a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, which ensures fast, scalable, and secure transaction processing. Core Components: Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Validators: A limited set of validators are responsible for validating transactions, proposing blocks, and securing the network. Validators are selected based on the amount of LUNA tokens staked, either directly or delegated by token holders. Delegation: LUNA holders can delegate their tokens to validators, allowing them to participate in staking rewards without running their own validator nodes. Rotational Leadership: Validators are selected in a round-robin manner to propose new blocks, ensuring fairness and efficiency in block production. Tendermint BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance): Terra integrates the Tendermint Core consensus engine, providing fast block finality and resilience against up to one-third of malicious or faulty validators. Finality: Transactions are confirmed once a block is added, reducing the risk of chain reorganizations and ensuring immediate finality. Governance Integration: LUNA token holders participate in governance by voting on proposals related to protocol upgrades, parameter changes, and community decisions, aligning stakeholder incentives with network health. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | The Terra blockchain's incentive structure is designed to reward network participants, ensure security, and sustain ecosystem growth, while its fee model aligns with its focus on scalability and cost-efficiency. Incentive Mechanisms: Staking Rewards: Validators: Validators earn staking rewards for their role in securing the network and validating transactions. Rewards are distributed in LUNA tokens, derived from transaction fees and seigniorage revenue. Delegators: LUNA holders who delegate their tokens to validators receive a share of staking rewards, proportional to the amount delegated, incentivizing broad participation. Seigniorage Rewards: Validators and delegators benefit from seigniorage revenue, generated when new stablecoins (e.g., TerraUSD) are minted. A portion of this revenue is allocated to reward LUNA stakers. Stability Incentives: LUNA token holders are incentivized to stake and participate in governance to maintain the stability of Terra’s ecosystem and its algorithmic stablecoins. Governance Participation Rewards: Validators and delegators have governance voting rights, enabling them to shape the network’s future. Participation in governance aligns incentives with long-term ecosystem health. Applicable Fees: Transaction Fees: Users pay fees in LUNA or stablecoins for transactions such as fund transfers, smart contract execution, and staking. These fees are distributed among validators and delegators, providing additional incentives for network security and functionality. Dynamic Fee Model: Transaction fees are dynamically adjusted based on network congestion and transaction size. This ensures efficient resource allocation while keeping fees affordable for users. Seigniorage Fee: A portion of revenue from stablecoin minting is directed to the treasury and distributed to stakers, reinforcing network participation and development. Burning Mechanism: A portion of fees and seigniorage revenue may be burned, reducing LUNA supply over time and contributing to its deflationary tokenomics. |
Beginning of the period | 2024-09-14 |
End of the period | 2025-09-14 |
Energy consumption | 131400.00000 (kWh/a) |