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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | Mantle |
Consensus Mechanism | Mantle is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Mantle. The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency. Mantle is a Layer-2 rollup built on top of Ethereum, designed to leverage Ethereum’s security and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus without an independent consensus layer. Core Components of Mantle’s Consensus: 1. Ethereum PoS Inheritance: Layer-2 Rollup Model: Mantle does not operate its own consensus mechanism; instead, it relies on Ethereum’s PoS for transaction finalization and network security. As a rollup on Ethereum, Mantle inherits the security guarantees of Ethereum’s established PoS model. 2. Rollup Type Options: Optimistic Rollups or Zero-Knowledge Rollups: Depending on its configuration, Mantle may use either Optimistic Rollups or Zero-Knowledge Rollups (zk-Rollups) to batch transactions. These rollup methods allow Mantle to achieve efficient off-chain processing and on-chain finality by periodically committing transaction data to Ethereum’s mainnet. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | Mantle is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Mantle. The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity. Mantle aims to reduce transaction fees for users by utilizing Ethereum compatibility, rollup technology, and transaction bundling, offering a cost-effective Layer-2 solution. Incentive Mechanisms: 1. Gas Fee Model: Ethereum Compatibility: Mantle is EVM-compatible, meaning it shares Ethereum’s gas fee model. Transactions require users to pay fees in units of gas, with costs varying based on transaction complexity and computational demand. 2. Lower Transaction Costs: Off-Chain Processing with Bundling: By processing transactions off-chain and settling data on Ethereum only periodically, Mantle reduces individual transaction costs. This method results in significantly lower fees compared to the Ethereum mainnet. Economies of Scale: Through transaction bundling, Mantle can spread the cost of Ethereum’s on-chain settlement across multiple transactions, allowing users to pay only a fraction of the gas fees they would incur directly on Ethereum. Applicable Fees: Layer-2 Gas Fees: While Mantle’s gas fees are lower than those on Ethereum, they are still measured in units of gas and depend on transaction complexity. The fees reflect the cost of executing transactions in Mantle’s Layer-2 environment while benefiting from reduced overall gas consumption due to batching. |
Beginning of the period | 2024-09-11 |
End of the period | 2025-09-11 |
Energy consumption | 73373.63958 (kWh/a) |