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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | Kima Network |
Consensus Mechanism | The Cosmos network uses the Cosmos SDK, a modular framework that enables developers to build custom, application-specific blockchains. Cosmos SDK chains rely on Tendermint Core, a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus engine that supports interoperability and fast transaction finality. Core Components: 1. Tendermint BFT Consensus with Proof of Stake: Validator Selection: Cosmos validators are selected based on the amount of ATOM they stake or receive from delegators. These validators participate in block proposal and validation through a two-thirds majority voting system. Security Threshold: Tendermint BFT ensures network security as long as fewer than one-third of validators act maliciously. 2. Modular Cosmos SDK Framework: Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC): The Cosmos SDK supports IBC, allowing seamless interoperability between Cosmos-based blockchains. Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI): This interface separates the consensus layer from the application layer, enabling developers to implement custom logic without modifying the consensus engine. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | The Cosmos network incentivizes both validators and delegators to secure the network through staking rewards, funded by transaction fees and newly minted ATOM. Incentive Mechanisms: 1. Staking Rewards for Validators and Delegators: ATOM Rewards: Validators earn staking rewards in ATOM tokens for participating in consensus, with rewards shared with delegators who stake ATOM through delegation. 2. Slashing for Accountability: Penalties for Misconduct: Validators who act maliciously, such as double-signing or staying offline, face slashing penalties, which remove a portion of their staked ATOM. Delegators may also experience slashing if their chosen validator is penalized, encouraging careful selection of trustworthy validators. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: User-Paid Fees in ATOM: All transactions on the Cosmos Hub incur fees paid in ATOM, compensating validators for transaction processing and helping to prevent network spam. 2. Customizable Fee Model: Custom Token Fees: Cosmos SDK allows individual chains to define their own transaction fees in tokens other than ATOM, supporting varied application requirements within the ecosystem. |
Beginning of the period | 2024-09-14 |
End of the period | 2025-09-14 |
Energy consumption | 9855.00000 (kWh/a) |