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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | XDC Network |
Consensus Mechanism | XDC Network is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Xdc Network. The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency. XinFin Network operates on a modified Delegated Proof of Stake (XDPoS) model, XDPoS 2.0, which ensures scalability, security, and efficiency suitable for enterprise applications. Core Components: 1. XDPoS 2.0 (Delegated Proof of Stake): Masternode System: Validators, known as masternodes, are required to stake XDC tokens to participate in transaction validation and block production. Validators are selected based on both stake size and community votes, ensuring only reliable nodes secure the network. 2. Double Validation Feature: Enhanced Security: Each transaction is validated by two independent validators before it’s finalized, reducing the risk of double-spending or malicious behavior and increasing network reliability. Randomized Validator Rotation: Validators are selected in a rotating and randomized manner, preventing any single validator from consistently producing blocks, which enhances decentralization and security. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | XDC Network is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Xdc Network. The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity. XinFin incentivizes both validators and token holders to actively participate in network security and stability through staking and fee distribution mechanisms. Incentive Mechanisms: 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators earn XDC token rewards for validating transactions and maintaining network security. Delegator Rewards: XDC holders who delegate their tokens to validators receive a share of staking rewards, promoting community participation without requiring users to operate nodes. 2. Delegation Model: Passive Income: XDC holders can delegate tokens to validators, enabling them to earn rewards passively and boosting network security through broader staking participation. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Fee Distribution: All transactions incur XDC fees, which are distributed to validators as additional rewards for their role in securing the network. Predictable Fees for Enterprises: Transaction fees are kept low and predictable, supporting XinFin’s focus on enterprise use cases in finance, trade, and cross-border payments. |
Beginning of the period | 2024-09-14 |
End of the period | 2025-09-14 |
Energy consumption | 105120.66770 (kWh/a) |