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ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Name | Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH |
Relevant legal entity identifier | 9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21 |
Name of the crypto-asset | Gas |
Consensus Mechanism | The NEO blockchain uses a Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT) consensus mechanism to validate transactions, relying on an elected committee and consensus nodes to maintain security and efficiency. Core Components of dBFT: 1. Candidates: a. Individuals or organizations can register as candidates for committee membership, a process that requires on-chain registration. b. NEO holders vote for candidates based on their NEO holdings, with votes calculated every 21 blocks. c. Elections are valid if more than 20% of all NEO tokens participate in voting. The candidates with the most votes are selected as committee members and consensus nodes. 2. Committee: a. The top 21 candidates with the most votes are elected as committee members. This committee is responsible for governing the network, including electing node roles like Oracle nodes, StateRoot consensus nodes, NeoFS Inner Ring nodes, and consensus nodes. b. The seven members with the highest votes also serve as consensus nodes, responsible for proposing and generating new blocks. Consensus nodes are rotated every 21 blocks to maintain security and decentralization. c. Committee proposals require more than 50% agreement for approval, allowing the committee to update blockchain parameters as needed. |
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | The NEO network uses a dual-token model featuring NEO and GAS tokens. NEO serves governance and voting functions, while GAS is used for network operations. Incentive Mechanisms: - NEO Token: Supply and Governance: NEO has a maximum supply of 100 million tokens, is indivisible, and is used for governance activities, including electing consensus nodes and adjusting consensus parameters. Claiming GAS: NEO holders earn GAS based on their holdings, which allows them to participate in the ecosystem without directly purchasing GAS. - GAS Token: Utility and Fees: GAS is the network’s utility token, with a minimum unit of 0.00000001 (1 Datoshi). GAS is required for network fees, including transfers, asset registration, and smart contract execution. GAS transactions are precise, supporting high granularity for fees. Supply: Unlike NEO, GAS has no maximum supply, and transaction fees paid in GAS are burned, which contributes to supply control. - GAS Distribution: Block Rewards: Each block generates 5 GAS, distributed to NEO holders, voters, and the Neo Committee: NEO Holders receive 10%, distributed based on the holding period. Committee & Consensus Nodes receive 10%, with rewards recalculated every 21 blocks based on updated voting. Voters receive 80%, incentivizing voting participation. Rewards are calculated and distributed every epoch (21 blocks), with voters for consensus nodes receiving a higher reward ratio than those voting for non-consensus committee members. |
Beginning of the period | 2024-09-14 |
End of the period | 2025-09-14 |
Energy consumption | 65700.00000 (kWh/a) |