Cena za IoTeX (IOTX)

Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH

9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21

IoTeX

IoTeX is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Iotex. The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency. The IoTeX blockchain uses a Randomized Delegated Proof of Stake (Roll-DPoS) consensus mechanism, which combines Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), and Verifiable Random Functions (VRFs) to achieve high efficiency, scalability, and instant block finality, making it well-suited for decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePIN). The consensus mechanism operates in four phases: elect candidates, form committee, propose block, and finalize block. Key Features of IoTeX’s Consensus Mechanism: 1. Elect Candidates: All nodes in the IoTeX network participate in voting for candidates to form the delegate pool. Nodes are incentivized to vote, as delegates share forged rewards with their voters. A set of at least 36 delegates is formed, with plans to expand this number to prevent centralization. The candidates remain fixed for one epoch, which consists of 30 iterations. 2. Form Committee: In each iteration, a random committee of 24 delegates is selected from the candidate pool using Verifiable Random Functions (VRFs). The use of VRF ensures fairness and security, as it provides a non-interactive method of sorting delegates to propose blocks, ensuring that all participants have a fair chance to contribute to block production. 3. Propose Block: In each round (approximately every 5 seconds), each committee member proposes a new block and broadcasts it along with its proof. Only the block proposed by the expected committee node, which hasn’t been proposed during the current iteration, is considered a candidate block by other nodes. 4. Finalize Block: In the same round, nodes use PBFT to vote for or against the candidate block. If more than two-thirds of the committee nodes agree on the validity of the block, it is finalized. The block is then appended to the blockchain, and the process repeats for the next round. At the end of each epoch, a new random committee is formed for the next block proposal and finalization cycle.

IoTeX is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Iotex. The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity. Incentive Mechanism: 1. Node and Delegate Rewards: Block Rewards: Collators (delegates) who propose blocks receive rewards in the form of IoTeX tokens (IOTX) for successfully producing valid blocks. Voter Rewards: Nodes that vote for collators (delegates) also receive rewards for their participation in the consensus process. This incentivizes voters to actively engage in the network’s governance. Delegation: Token holders who delegate their stake to a candidate or collator can earn a share of the rewards. This allows for passive income, where users are rewarded for supporting the network's validators without directly running a node. 2. Token Staking: Staking to Elect Candidates: Token holders can stake IOTX tokens to vote for their preferred candidates. The more tokens a user stakes, the higher their influence in the network’s decision-making process. This ensures that only trusted and highly supported validators are selected to produce blocks. VRF and Randomization: Through the VRF (Verifiable Random Function) mechanism, collators are randomly selected from the pool of eligible candidates, but the amount of stake behind each candidate (including delegated votes) increases their chances of being selected to produce a block. 3. Network Growth: Ecosystem Contribution: Participants who contribute to the growth of the IoTeX network through running IoTeX nodes or supporting services such as data storage or computational tasks are rewarded with IOTX tokens. This encourages broader participation across different sectors of the ecosystem, including IoT applications and decentralized services. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Transaction Fee Calculation: Users must pay a fee in IOTX tokens for each transaction they make on the network. The fee varies depending on the transaction type (e.g., simple transfers, smart contract execution) and the complexity of the transaction. Fee Structure: The fee structure is designed to be low and predictable. The cost may increase during periods of network congestion or if transactions require more computational resources. 2. Delegation and Staking Fees: Delegation Fees: Some collators may charge a small fee or commission on the rewards they distribute to delegators. This fee is deducted from the total rewards earned by the delegator as a percentage of their rewards for supporting the collator. Staking Fees: Some validators might charge a fee for staking tokens with them, which may be deducted from the rewards earned through staking.

2024-10-12

2025-10-12

315427.84453 (kWh/a)