Bitpanda Asset Management GmbH, Bitpanda GmbH

9845005X9B7N610K0093, 5493007WZ7IFULIL8G21

Moonbeam

Moonbeam employs a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism combined with the Polkadot relay chain for enhanced scalability, finality, and security. It utilizes collators and validators, with finality provided by the GRANDPA finality gadget, ensuring deterministic block finality. Key Features of Moonbeam's Consensus Mechanism: 1. Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Collators and Validators: In Moonbeam’s DPoS system, collators maintain the parachain by collecting transactions from users and producing state transition proofs. The collator set is chosen based on the stake they have, including delegated stake. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their stake to collator candidates. The top collator candidates, including those with delegated stake, join the active set. Collators in the active set are randomly selected to produce blocks. Stakes and Block Production: Once a collator is in the active set, their total stake does not impact their chance of being selected to produce blocks. 2. Polkadot Relay Chain Integration: Moonbeam is built as a parachain on Polkadot, which provides shared security, scalability, and consensus. The relay chain validators ensure that Moonbeam’s blocks are validated and secured. 3. GRANDPA Finality: Deterministic Finality: Moonbeam relies on Polkadot’s GRANDPA finality gadget, which provides fast and deterministic finality for transactions. When a block is finalized, it cannot be reverted except through on-chain governance or forking. Parallel Finality: The finality process in Moonbeam occurs simultaneously with block production, unlike Ethereum, which has slower finality. GRANDPA allows for the quick confirmation of blocks, often within a single block on Moonbeam. 4. Block Production: Blocks are produced by collators who are selected based on their stake and delegated stake, contributing to the network’s decentralized nature.

Moonbeam incentivizes participation through staking rewards for collators and token holders, alongside transaction fees. Here's an overview of the incentive mechanism and applicable fees: Incentive Mechanism: 1. Collator Rewards: Block Rewards: Collators are rewarded with newly minted tokens for successfully producing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed proportionally to the collators in the active set. Transaction Fees: Collators also earn transaction fees from the transactions included in the blocks they produce. These fees are paid by users to prioritize their transactions. 2. Delegation Rewards: Delegated Stake: Token holders can delegate their stake to collator candidates. By doing so, they share in the rewards earned by the collators to whom they delegate their tokens. This incentivizes the broader community to participate in governance and block production. Voting Power: Token holders who delegate their stake to collators help secure the network and participate in the selection of active collators. 3. Governance Participation: Voting on Network Proposals: Moonbeam uses its native tokens to allow participants to vote on governance proposals, helping to influence the future direction of the network and incentivizing active involvement in network management. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Fee Calculation: Transaction fees on Moonbeam are determined based on the complexity and size of the transaction. Users pay these fees in the native token (GLMR), which are distributed to the collators. Fee Distribution: The fees are split between collators, incentivizing them to process transactions efficiently. The amount of transaction fees can vary depending on network congestion and the size of the transaction. 2. Staking Fees: Collator Staking: Collators must stake a certain amount of tokens to be eligible for block production. They are incentivized with staking rewards and transaction fees for ensuring the network’s security and functionality. 3. Governance Fees: Voting Fees: Users may need to pay small fees to participate in governance, such as proposing changes or voting on proposals. These fees ensure governance is utilized effectively and prevents spam on the network.

2024-11-27

2025-11-27

65700.00000 (kWh/a)